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Our powers and procedures workstream aims to deliver a police service that is fair, respectful, and equitable in its actions towards Black people. It deals with issues such as stop and search, use of force and new policing technology.
Published independent research on racial disparities in the police use of Taser. Work is underway to develop recommendations to improve the use and scrutiny of Taser based on this research, which are due to be published later this year.
The College and the NPCC are working together to update the national guidance and curriculum on police stops, which will form the basis of a new ongoing cycle of professional development for frontline officers.
Vast majority of forces are now recording the ethnicity of those subject to traffic stops for the first time. This was a recommendation in the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry.
The police code of ethics and national curriculum have been reviewed, to reflect the need for officers and staff to consider cultural impact and community trauma when using their powers.
Data Ethics Authorised Professional Practice has been developed following public consultation and is due to be published later this year.
National guidance on use of force as well as promising practice in forces being reviewed.
National guidance developed around the use of body worn video, including the vast majority of forces now recording audio as well as video in their cameras’ pre-record function.
Continuing to lead the implementation of reforms on police stops, including stop and search. These reforms will focus on racial disparities, supervision, de-escalation and procedural justice, trauma-informed policing, adultification and safeguarding, and the use of handcuffs.
Below you will find further examples of local and national work ongoing across policing and the wider criminal justice system in this workstream to deliver an anti-racist police service.
We will continue to share promising practice and ideas we come across, as well as encouraging forces to submit their initiatives onto the College of Policing’s Practice Bank so these can undergo an evaluation process. For more information please contact the relevant force or email our team.
The Practice Bank is made up of shared interventions that have been implemented by crime reduction and community safety organisations, including policing. These have been used to address specific crime problems or organisational change.
Bedfordshire Police worked with a community scrutiny panel to better understand and explain the data behind stop and search in its force area.
The force was also the pilot area for development of a toolkit by its community use of force scrutiny panel, for use by other panels when assessing body worn videos to establish if the correct level of force was used, and how to provide officers with consistent and constructive feedback.
British Transport Police has brought together diverse community panels to deliver dynamic scrutiny of large events like the Notting Hill Carnival.
BTP has put in place an innovative system of community scrutiny of stop and search, through a partnership with the University of Law. This has led to young people from Black and other global majority backgrounds getting involved in scrutiny of stop and search. BTP's use of force reports are scrutinised in public meetings held by the Police Standards and Integrity Committee (PSIC) of their Police Authority Board. These meetings are live streamed on YouTube. Each use of force is recorded on a digital use of force report and scrutinised for trends, which are referred to their Independent Advisory and Scrutiny Group and to the Police Standards and Integrity Committee.
Cambridgeshire Constabulary developed cards with a QR code that were given to the subject after a stop and search. The QR code linked to an explanation of stop and search powers, a person’s entitlements, and an invitation to join the community scrutiny panel. Forces such as West Midlands Police use a similar scheme.
Hampshire Constabulary used education and advocacy with young people to collaboratively address disproportionate use of stop and search on people from ethnic minority backgrounds, and the negative impact this has on public engagement with the police.
Kent Police undertook widespread consultation as part of its efforts to embed greater understanding of body worn video across its workforce.
The projects below have been developed by police forces and other agencies. While not formally endorsed by the plan, hopefully they encourage ideas and discussion among those looking to deliver the plan's objectives, as well as showing the breadth of activity happening in policing.
The College of Policing has published guidance on restorative justice in policing, as well as an article on procedural justice in the context of stop and search.
A senior researcher at the college has also produced a journal article exploring the statistics behind stop and search and how this might help better understand and address disproportionality.
Dorset Police and Essex Police have developed some innovative strategies around stop and search, ranging from training and supervision through to reviewing the processes that lead to stops in the first place. The forces have published explanations and videos about the tactic and how it is monitored on their websites.
A further video featuring broadcaster Jaydee Dyer talking about his experience of being stopped and searched is available online.
Hertfordshire Constabulary has produced a video put together by both the force and members of its Race Inclusion Board that is used during stop and search training. The video highlights how it feels to be stopped and searched as a Black man and reiterates the importance of clear communication and cultural understanding.
The force also conducts disproportionality ‘deep dives’ to identify locations where there is apparent disproportionality and better understand the use of the relevant powers, to assess whether there are any behaviours displayed by the searching officers which would cause concern.
The Independent Office for Police Conduct published a learning report into stop and search in 2022. Several of its recommendations have been incorporated into the plan and wider work across policing, while examples of promising practice being delivered in forces were also identified during the process of compiling the report.
Merseyside Police has delivered specialist ‘Hydra’ training for stop and search, which has been identified as promising practice in independent reports and is scrutinised by local communities.
North Yorkshire Police has developed information dashboards in relation to service delivery, in particular stop and search and use of force. Each of these areas have a dashboard which provides up-to-date information around the actions and protected characteristics of those involved.
South Yorkshire Police has developed an app to start recording vehicle stops, including self-defined ethnicity data, which will enable officers to understand any apparent disproportionality around the number of Black people who are subject to vehicle stops. This app uses the same technology already used in force to record stop and search data, which itself has been subject to recent improvements.
Sussex Police has used proactive scrutiny to identify and address disproportionality in stop and searches in an ongoing operation to reduce serious youth violence.
West Mercia Police aftercare policy ensures every child or young person is visited by a youth intervention officer within 10 days of being stopped and searched to explain why the search took place and to establish whether any further support can be offered.
West Yorkshire Police has developed a new traffic stop app that allows officers to record the ethnicity of people involved in traffic stops. The data this app provides allows the force to measure disproportionality and address any issues that become evident.
The College of Policing has developed new public and personal safety training to help officers de-escalate conflict without using force. The results of a year-long pilot project have shown promising results.
The Crown Prosecution Service’s research into case files resulted in some findings which are also relevant for policing. The study found a clear difference in the language used in case files by both police and prosecutors. While it did not find explicit racism or biases in the texts, more direct and definitive language was used in respect of mixed ethnicity suspects, their actions were described in more negative terms and more references were made to the violent nature of their offences.
The CPS held a series of national scrutiny panels on joint enterprise homicide where stakeholders gave feedback on anonymised, completed cases. They have also set up a Pan-London Scrutiny and Involvement Panel on disproportionality. Drawing on this experience, and as part of its own CPS disproportionality action plan, the CPS has committed to creating similar Local Scrutiny and Involvement Panels across the country.